This page of the guide Minecraft is devoted to colored blocks of the game. You will have to create most of these blocks yourself, using dyes of the desired color.
Wool white/orange/magenta/light blue/yellow/light green/pink gray/light gray/cyan/purple/blue/brown/green/red/black
How to get it: white when shearing a sheep in Minecraft, colored when adding a dye
Usefulness: can be used to make a bed, flags, paintings and carpets
Glass white / orange / magenta / light blue / yellow / light green / pink / gray / light gray / cyan / purple / blue / brown / green / red / black
How to get: by using a dye on a glass
Use: decorative
Terracotta white / orange / magenta / light blue / yellow / light green / pink / gray / light gray / cyan / purple / blue / brown / green / red / black
How to obtain: by using a dye on terracotta
Use: decorative
Glass white / orange / magenta / light blue / yellow / light green / pink / gray / light gray / cyan / violet / blue / brown / green / red / black
How to get it: by using a tint on a glass, in the crafting tab of Minecraft
Use: decorative
White/Orange/Magenta/Light Blue/Yellow/Light Green/Pink/Gray/Light Gray/Cyan/Purple/Blue/Brown/Green/Red/Black Mat
How to obtain: from wool of the chosen color
Use: decorative
